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The ''Bhāgavata Purāṇa'' (Devanagari: भागवतपुराण) is one of eighteen ''Maha'' (Sanskrit: 'great') Puranic texts of Hinduism.〔Dominic Goodall (1996), Hindu Scriptures, University of California Press, ISBN 978-0520207783, page xli〕 Composed in Sanskrit and available in almost all regional Indian languages, it promotes Bhakti (emotional loving devotion) to Supreme God Vishnu (Narayana) in the incarnation of Krishna.〔〔 The ''Bhagavata Purana'', like other Puranas, discusses a wide range of topics, including cosmology, genealogy, geography, mythology, legends, music, dance, yoga practice and culture.〔 The Purana opens its ''Samudra Manthan'' legend as a war between good gods and evil demons, where evil has won and rules the universe. Truth re-emerges because of the ''Lila'' (play) of god Vishnu – as Krishna, Hari, Vasudeva in the text – whose strategy is to first make peace with the demons, understand them, then creatively defeat the evil, bringing back hope, justice, freedom and good; this underlying cyclic theme appears in many legends.〔Ravi Gupta and Kenneth Valpey (2013), The Bhagavata Purana, Columbia University Press, ISBN 978-0231149990, pages 3-19〕 The text is a synthesis of Bhakti to Krishna with the Advaita (monism) philosophy of Shankara,〔〔〔 conceptualizing a form of Dharma that competes with that in the Vedas, wherein Bhakti ultimately leads to Self-knowledge, Moksha (salvation) and bliss. However, the Bhagavata Purana asserts that the inner nature and outer form of Bhagavan Krishna is the Vedas, and this is what rescues the earth when it gets submerged in cosmic waters.〔Barbara Holdrege (2015), Bhakti and Embodiment, Routledge, ISBN 978-0415670708, page 114〕 The text is organized in twelve ''Skandhas'' (books) subdivided into 332 ''Adhyayas'' (chapters), and has between 16,000 to 18,000 verses, depending on the manuscript version.〔〔Richard Thompson (2007), The Cosmology of the Bhagavata Purana 'Mysteries of the Sacred Universe', Motilal Banarsidass, ISBN 978-8120819191〕 Of the 12 books, it is the 10th book with about 4,000 verses that has been the most popular, studied and recognized.〔 The text asserts that it is Krishna in literary form.〔Barbara Holdrege (2015), Bhakti and Embodiment, Routledge, ISBN 978-0415670708, pages 109-110〕 The exact century when ''Bhagavata Purana'' was composed is unclear, likely between the 8th- to 10th-century CE, but may be as early as 6th-century CE.〔〔"Anthology of World Scriptures", by Robert Van Voorst, p. 28, year = 2007, isbn = 1111810745〕〔 The Bhagavata Purana manuscripts survive in numerous inconsistent versions, were revised through the 18th-century, creating variant recensions in a given language and across different Indian languages.〔Ludo Rocher (1986), The Puranas, Otto Harrassowitz Verlag, ISBN 978-3447025225, pages 138-149〕 It was the first ''Purana'' to be translated into a European language, with a French translation of a Tamil version appearing in 1788, which became an introduction to the 18th-century Hindu culture and Hinduism to many Europeans during the colonial era.〔Jean Filliozat (1968), Tamil Studies in French Indology, in Tamil Studies Abroad, Xavier S Thani Nayagam, pages 1-14〕 It is also known as ''Śrīmad Bhāgavata Mahā Purāṇa'', ''Śrīmad Bhāgavatam'' or ''Bhāgavata''. ==Etymology== A Purana means "ancient, old".〔Merriam-Webster's Encyclopedia of Literature (1995 Edition), Article on Puranas, ISBN 0-877790426, page 915〕 ''Bhagavata'' means "devoted to, follower of Bhagavat – the "sacred, divine (God, Lord)".〔Alex Wayman (1974), Two Traditions of India: Truth and Silence Philosophy East and West, Vol. 24, No. 4, pages 389-403〕 An alternate interpretation of ''Bhagavata'' is "devotees of the Adorable One".〔AA MacDonell, (Bhagvata ) A Pratical Sanskrit Dictionary, University of Chicago〕 ''Bhagavata Purana'' means "Ancient Tales of followers of the Lord" or "Ancient Tales for devotees of the Adorable One". 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Bhagavata Purana」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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